Which of the following conditions might result from untreated renal failure?

Untreated renal failure can lead to a number of complications, one of which is anemia. The kidneys play a crucial role in the production of erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. When the kidneys fail, they produce less erythropoietin, resulting in a decrease in red blood cell production. This leads to anemia, characterized by low levels of hemoglobin and fewer red blood cells, which can cause fatigue, weakness, and pallor in affected individuals.

While dehydration, osteoporosis, and hypertension can also be associated with renal failure, their connection to untreated renal failure is not as direct as with anemia. Dehydration may occur due to reduced kidney function but is not a direct result of the failure to produce specific hormones or manage blood volume. Osteoporosis is more closely related to various metabolic processes and can be influenced by other factors like lifestyle and nutrition. Hypertension is often a cause of renal failure rather than a direct consequence of untreated renal disease, though it can certainly develop as a complication in chronic cases. Thus, anemia stands out as a primary consequence of untreated renal failure.